Need theory? Get this!

A few people have asked me lately about boning up on their Music Theory a bit. Well, there's lots of approaches. But for our type of music, honestly, do not bother learning diatonic/chromatic theory. (ie: major/minor chords, modulations, traditional chord progressions). Unless you want to make trance? No? Well, what you need is this:

"Introduction to Post-Tonal Theory" (3rd edition, is the one I have..)
by Joseph N. Straus
(Pearson-Prentice Hall)

Granted, I did study counterpoint and diatonic/chromatic theory before getting to this, but it isn't necessary.

Straus (and most other 20th century theory systems) teach you to look at pitches and rhythmic units by function, not identity. In other words, it's not "C", it's a pitch that is a minor 3rd above a and a fourth below F.

The first thing you learn to do in this book is to convert pitches into numbers. (ie: C is 0, B is 11)

Then you learn basic mathematical transformations. (if you transpose the pitches 0-4-5 +2, or up a 2nd, you get 2-6-7). You can invert them, retrograde-inversion, etc...

The mathematical approach is even more useful for rhythmic operations. (Poly-rhythmic, multi-meter schema, etc..)

The funny thing was, the few classes I taught (as a TA in a 20th century theory course), at the end of class, the blackboards are full of NUMBERS, not notes!! Weird to see..

The most important thing I learned is how to deal with "pitch collections," not scales and chords. Instead of a c major, I would deal with something like this:

My pitch set is 0-4-6-9 (C, E, F#, A). Then I can transform this set in a million different ways (all of which of course need to get filtered through your ears and tastes).

VERY IMPORTANT if you want to develop your theoretical ability.

Prentice Hall, you can pay me some commission later if you want..

who would make better electronic music... schoenberg or stravinsky? ;)

Ahh, let me get my chin-stroke on here..

I think Stravinsky actually was PIVOTAL in establishing the possibilities of the dance forms that our music tends to adhere to. If you check out the Rite of Spring, or any piece from his mid-early period, you should notice that the rhythms are generally repetitive and the part-writing is block-like in nature. In other words, 4-to-the-floor kicks and instrumental loops. This is a large generalization, but one should be able to hear the similarities given a couple listenings.

One really interesting thing to consider though is Ravel's "Bolero." This is WITHOUT QUESTION, the first western piece of Electronic/Dance music with regard to form. This piece is a 15-20 minute constant repetition of the same parts with gradually building intensity as more and more parts are layered on.

I'm not saying that Juan Atkins and Derrick Mary, et cetera, were listening to Ravel and Stravinsky in the early 80s, but... I certainly believe that these two composers laid some serious groundwork for general approaches to rhythm and structure that would eventually give way to our beloved music (with a few other important influences thrown in of course).

That said, Schoenberg's electronic music would be way fucking cool though. Autechre perhaps?


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interesting then that with the Rite of Spring, Stravinsky is portraying pagan savages... especially when you consider that some people view electronic music in the same way: dark chambers and esoteric dancing, godlike ritual leaders (dj's) creating frenzied rapture amongst their congregations with strange and compelling music that only the initiated understand... all we need now are some sacrificial virgins!

Wagner techno ftw.

Alland Byallo
Nightlight Music | [KONTROL] | Forward SF

the latest track i did is based around motifs from a philip glass piece.
oh yea. it's on :shock:

i've used ravel snippets before! there is a lot of material to be mangled, spliced, chopped up and pieced back together in classical music...

by the way i'd just like to add how dope i think it is that classical composers are a topic of discussion on our techno message board.

im gonna go bust out my boulez cd's and start sampling!

fuck yeah Kenneth

Quote:
by the way i'd just like to add how dope i think it is that classical composers are a topic of discussion on our techno message board.

And it makes me happy that this thread has quite a few participants as well. You guys rock!

Quote:
Wagner techno ftw.

I saw Das Rheingold this last weekend. Fucking killer bro. Still playing till 22nd, highly reccomended. Opera companies only mount a Ring cycle every few decades. SF Opera's cycle is surely not to be missed...


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Regarding Ravel's Bolero, it's interesting to note that it was composed when Ravel was possibly in the early stages of frontotemporal dementia (see this nytimes article: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/health/08brai.html?_r=2&ref=scienc&ore...), suggesting that one of the original, most influential compositions with the structure of modern dance music stemmed from a neurological disorder.

j. rogers wrote:
But for our type of music, honestly, do not bother learning diatonic/chromatic theory.

...and continue to pile more derivative, uninspired mediocrity on a genre already overflowing with it.

had to register to respond to this. ppl, there are no free rides. post-tonal theory only makes sense if you already know what tonality is in the first place.

post-tonal theory is important to learn, but you're forgetting the context in which you learned it. it was in contrast to existing knowledge. i just think recommending people not learn fundamentals of music composition is poor advice.

[realized my original post was too grouchy so i'm editing some of it]

I definitely see your point, but disagree in this context. If you see post-tonal thought as a response to tonal thought, then you're right. I don't. I see it as a whole new system. So did Schoenberg. If we were talking about training new musicians or composers with regard to traditional instruments, I think tonal theory is certainly necessary. Furthermore, if we were talking about musicians interested in trance (or insert melodic-based genre here), tonal theory would also be useful. But techno, IDM, minimal? Not so much.

I would say (very generally) that our musical vocabulary with regard to these genres actually utilizes sound manipulation technique (a la musique concrete and stockhausen/tape origins) more than pitch technique anyway. But with regard to pitches, I have never heard a I-IV-V progression in a techno track. That pretty much cancels everything I learned in diatonic theory (with all the nice inherent subtleties therein). Nor have I heard much harmonic modulation (the majority of what I learned in Chromatic Theory).

In fact, I am not sure if I've EVER heard a chord progression per-se in a techno track. Certainly not one worth analytical examination. Sure a track I finished the other day had a nice rhodes solo in the middle, and I was certainly playing chords in the left hand. This is actually an interesting example, because on the one hand, it's the first thing that comes to mind when thinking of chord progressions in techno, yet on the other, I was not playing chords with any tonal grounding. I would say they were all loosely based on the octatonic pitch collection. The moment I began to learn post-tonal theory, is the moment I NEVER looked back at tonal thought. It has now been practically defunct (in my opinion) for about 100 years. (yeah, i know bands still use it..)

Furthermore, I think we do electronic music a great disjustice by trying to apply old theoretical conventions to its practice. I believe that NEW forms with NEW instruments should engender their own NEW theoretical aesthetic. That's pretty much what happened in Germany in the 60s with Stockhausen. Take a look at the score of Kontakte. It looks pretty fucking close to the arrangement windows of modern sequencers when we're done with a track. Stockhausen realized the need for a new notational system when he was confronted with the increasing possibilities of his instrumental capacity (through electronics). Schoenberg would beat this point like a deadhorse in his writings. (Of course he was hypocrite, because he wrote serial pieces in baroque forms. But he's allowed, I love him all the same..)

I'm rambling..

The point is, unless you want to play major and minor chords and write inappropriate and unideomatic tunes, don't bother with diatonic/chromatic theory. If you're never going to use a C major chord, why bother learning that it is made up of C-E-G and it relates to this other major chord and that. Just go for the jugular and learn that this pitch collection represents 0-4-7 (equivalent of C-E-G) and here are its transformational possibilities..

This is not to say that you can just leap straight in. Yeah, you need to know what the notes are and other basic tenants of musical theory. Furthermore, I would still wholeheartedly reccomend studies in counterpoint (the tendencies of multiple voices in motion). But honestly, wasting 2 semesters (or a year) on defunct theory you'll never use is stupid. If the text or teacher you were studying made references to tonal music, then this would be a different situation. Straus' book, however, leaps straight in and BRAVELY attempts to build a NEW system with a NEW vocabulary straight from the start.

To take myself as an example, I HONESTLY don't believe I would have had any additional difficulties studying post-tonal theory had I not learned diatonic/chromatic first. Though I definitely would not have known what the fuck I was doing if I had not had basic music theory and counterpoint. I probably would have been writing much better music sooner rather than being embarrassed when presenting my silly tonal pieces in composer's colloquium meetings for my first year of study.

In the end, theory is a means to an end. Only morons sit down and write "c major followed by f major, etc."- or "(0-4-7), (5-9-0), etc" for that matter. I believe that post-tonal theory allows you to start seeing pitches as free units and to see them "unconventionally" in new and exciting ways. Unless you would like to continue writing redundant music that we've already been making for hundreds of years, you need to find an aesthetic that reaches beyond the mold. To my knowledge, post-tonal theory is the best we have at the moment for grounding yourself in preperation for such an exploration. Probably some newer, better systems are out there. But the point is: you have to stretch it.

Strauss ain't bad. Don't sweat the major/minor chords. Let Mozart take care of that!

(ps I love Mozart)

(and all of you for having this discussion..)


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j. rogers wrote:
I definitely see your point, but disagree in this context. If you see post-tonal thought as a response to tonal thought, then you're right. I don't. I see it as a whole new system. So did Schoenberg. If we were talking about training new musicians or composers with regard to traditional instruments, I think tonal theory is certainly necessary. Furthermore, if we were talking about musicians interested in trance (or insert melodic-based genre here), tonal theory would also be useful. But techno, IDM, minimal? Not so much.

ok i am about to be guilty of shitting on a completely trivial thread on a forum that four people in the universe read, but here goes. sorry everyone. i'm really hanging my head in shame here, but...

are you kidding?

if your catalog of IDM/minimal/techno goes back more than four years, it's some of the most melodically-driven music around.

i get that you know your music theory but maybe it's time to start listening to a bit more techno than retardo and audion. pick any electronic genre out there and you'll find cyclical explorations in and out of melody over time. even the most minimal innovators out there have deep understanding of theory (noto, sakamoto, vainio) and those that didn't (detroit/chicago 80s-90s), derived it from existing pop structures (and so on) and brought disco basslines to drum machines and synths. But I digress. The point is you can't pigeonhole techno into its current monotonal prototype and call it representative of an entire genre's chronological development...

j. rogers wrote:
I have never heard a I-IV-V progression in a techno track. That pretty much cancels everything I learned in diatonic theory (with all the nice inherent subtleties therein). Nor have I heard much harmonic modulation (the majority of what I learned in Chromatic Theory).

In fact, I am not sure if I've EVER heard a chord progression per-se in a techno track. Certainly not one worth analytical examination.

but that's just your limited exposure...

Quote:
Only morons sit down and write "c major followed by f major, etc."- or "(0-4-7), (5-9-0), etc" for that matter.

damn those morons. if only they read more minimal techno forums!

and HOORAY FOR ARGUING ON THE INTERNET!

anyway, you can type way more than i can, so i'm done. just remember there's a big difference between saying "in addition to learning about ____ you may want to learn about _____" and "i am so confident in my minimal techno omnipotence that i can outwardly dismiss entire sections of musical education"

viva la resistance!

orbital

Perhaps a few bad examples there, but I am still unwavering in my belief that trying to impose centuries-old practices on such a new form with such exciting possibilities is not the way to go. Such has been the demise of many-a shitty "electronica" CDs.

And I am certainly not disagreeing that electronic music (or techno specifically for that matter) has never been melodic. Absolutely not. But, that doesn't mean that melody has to be tonally-grounded. When melody is tonally-grounded, you get trance. (huge generalzation) We have moved on from that (well, most of us). We have also moved on from the predominately melodic (and sometimes modulating) acid house. But that's not really the point.

My point is that C is going to be a C, whether you call it C, 0, or 300Hz, or whatever. There's no reason to burgeon it with tonal relationships if they aren't going to get used. All those disco basslines or sakamoto tracks, or pop tracks for that matter, could all have been made should the artists have intuited those particular pitch relationships that we just happen to describe as major and minor chords. They might have just "heard" C-G-B-C as a bassline. Who cares if we call it 0-7-11-0 or describe an underlying I-V-I progression. Well, in the end I am choosing the former because I am advocating post-tonal study. But the point is that post-tonal thought is much more in touch with the "this is the individual note that I want and hear" ideology rather than "the note has to be this because of this chord progression's constraints." This is because the tonal system is limited, 20th-century theory (discounting certain strict serial practices) is practically limitless.

I am all about forward-motion. I think all of us here are, otherwise we would be listening to Creed or something. No need to look back. Base your aesthetic on the most up-to-date and relevant information you can find.

I think I can re-word my argument as follows:

If you want to be a good, up-to-date, and relevant producer, study post-tonal theory (and get basic theory and counterpoint first)

If you want to be derivative, irrelevant, and make dated music, study diatonic and chromatic theory.

If you want to be a TRUE BAD-ASS, study ALL of them!

Sweet..


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or you can be like me and just retard your way through it

:idea:

kenneth scott wrote:
or you can be like me and just retard your way through it

:idea:

Go tards! :P

don't get your pantalones in a knot, senior. :lol:
i think you're going to need a better argument than:

Señor Pantalones wrote:

but that's just your limited exposure...

do you have any evidence that mr. roger's only exposure to techno/idm is the neo-minimal stuff, produced within the last 4 years? it sounds like an assumption to me. at least j's arguments are fact based - not personal attacks.

and by the way, your two examples of the quintessential 'new' techno that jrogers might like; "retardo (vallilobos?) & audion", also happen to be some of the most melody driven new techno out there. so, you're sorta disproving your own point -- or just missing j's.

kenneth scott wrote:
or you can be like me and just retard your way through it

:idea:

haha... exactly... unless your Rin... instead of retarding... he pulls out the gorilla keys.... regardless of his keyboard knowledge when we are in the studio he puts together the sickest combinations.

forget about theory. this is how it should be done.

---------------------------------
http://kirkwoodwest.com

Fuck yeh. Koko makes some phat beats!

Sorry, Joe I'm not making light of your thread. It is interesting to think that we can break out of a musical paradigm that has been in place for hundreds of years. There are a lot of progressive people doing things with sound these days.

j. rogers wrote:
When melody is tonally-grounded, you get trance. (huge generalzation)

Tell that to Carl Craig!

I just had to add my real response here. I totally disagree that tonal harmony can/should be thrown out the window for techno producers. And I disagree that melody = trance. There is plenty of techno out there that has tonal ideas in it. This whole number system is really the same thing as the traditional Roman numeral labeling of chords in western music theory, just a different way of thinking about it. So... I guess whatever works for you is really the best method. My opinion? Just do what you think sounds good. Rules are for losers (especially in electronic music) :wink:

Honestly, I think in the post-tonal way, but I still refer to notes by their letter name. Why? Because that's what I'm used to. But I'm not sitting there thinking to myself "Well this is a __ chord so it must resolve to __ because I'm in the key of __ which is the relative minor of __ " etc. etc.... I choose the notes that sound right. In fact, most of the time when I'm writing, I couldn't even tell you what key I'm writing in, because I'm not even thinking like that at all. If i were to analyze it later, I could tell you... but generally I do MIDI programming by hand in a matrix editor instead of actually playing on a keyboard, and I start placing notes without thinking about which key I'm putting them in and why. I do play on a keyboard from time to time as well though, but typically more if I'm writing downtempo/chill out music.

As a fellow music grad I think its important to never limit oneself. I also think its important to encourage others to better themselves as musicians by studying theory in whatever way makes sense to them, rather than suggest the dismissal of traditional theory...also, hearing "boom chik boom chik click click beep beep click" can get a little old. I love crazy sound design atonal stuff just as much as the next person but... Notes are your friends too! Just my .02

P.S. Not trying to ruffle anyone's feathers, but if tonal = trance, then what category are you going to throw house in? One of my favorite house producers, Luomo, is DEFINITELY tonally grounded (as is most house in general) and you can hear a lot of jazz theory in his productions. Is that trance too? Huge generalization indeed.

Less time reading or arguing about rules (not that its not important to have knowledge), more time producing and experimenting.

Thats my music theory.

(ps I love chord progression, tones, tension, retardo and Kenneth and I's way of making tracks.)

Mattie Bowen/Mossmoss | Racecarprod. | NLMX/Nightlight Music.
www.myspace.com/mattiemossmoss

this thread has been bouncing around in my head since i last posted and i wanted to clarify something. i didn't want to come off as though i was siding against senior pantalones, or siding with jrogers. i just think that j was making an effort to explain his ideas in a non-personal, reason based manner.
i thought it was unfair for pantalones to crack on j's (assumed) 'limited exposure'.
that's all.

ahh shucks, thanks Tim.

We shall see about my "limited exposure" on Sunday, however. Planning for a VERY eclectic set.

And though I will be closing down everybody's weekend with the final set Sunday night, I am sorry, I cannot promise a soft departure. I'm afraid I'm going to have to play quite mean.... :twisted: :twisted: :twisted:


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